Olof Hallonsten

Intergovernmental collaboration in the area of big science has been an important resource for European science
since the 1950s. Yet, as a policy area, it has traditionally been left outside of the political integration work of the
European Community/Union. Despite this formal detachment, the political realities of the collaborations often
draw upon and reflect the (geo)political dynamics of Europe. This article reports on a study of two big projects
in the making (the European Spallation Source and the European X-ray Free Electron Laser), and uses two
historical cases for comparison (the European Laboratory for Nuclear Research and the European Synchrotron
Radiation Facility). It highlights critical issues in establishing and operating collaborations, relates these to the
broader context of European political integration, and discusses, on the basis of this, signs of continuity and
change in this distinct area of European research policy.